Internet Addicition Essay Example for Free

Internet Addicition Essay Much evidence has been alleged that social pathologies are beginning to surface in cyberspace (i.e., internet addictions). A lot of controversy is surrounding the question, is there proof that the internet is being abused and misused by individuals on an everyday basis and should we consider this to be a major mental health problem? Key Arguments: * Why do people have attachment insecurity and dissociation with their lives to make them choose to be disorganized, and allow a fantasy world to take over resulting in problematic internet abuse. * How information and communication technologies changing our way of interacting with reality. * What are the psychological symptoms involving disturbed relationships with technologies emerging, how some are more affected than others. * How different forms of related dependence behaviours, such as an addiction to social networking, cybersex, online gambling, or web-based role-playing games are affecting our need to be on the internet. * How some games reward achievements and goals making the cyber game goals more important of that than reality goals. * Does social media, such as Facebook, Twitter, Myspace and other forms of cyber communication have detrimental effects related to internet addiction. * Internet Gambling, main reasons for internet addiction, however not just costing their health but impacting finances and crippling family relationships. Critical Analysis Article 1: Reference (2) Researchers have begun to examine the personal and social consequences associated with excessive online involvement. The present study examined college students problematic Internet use (PIU) behaviors Its specific aim was to investigate the links between PIU with both internalizing (depression, social anxiety) and externalizing (substance use and other risky behaviors) problems. Article 2: Reference (4) There are many psychological factors surrounding the present issue of internet addiction, using evidence such as Social Networking Sites (SNS)e.g., facebook , twitter etc, Massive Multiplayer Online games and Internet Gambling as my three key topics. The aim is to provide a clear and concise method about how individuals who consistently spend their time on the internet are having detrimental effects on their physical, social and psychological life. Article 3: Reference (5) There is an increasing need for the provision of both internet addiction prevention and care for any sufferers, psychologist should be weary of the dangers of internet abuse when youth present with anti-social, aggressive behaviours. Socialization in girls may be warped towards online contact and the user may beneï ¬ t from providing alternatives. The aim is to focus on internet-related addictive behaviours and how to include the use of suitable diagnostic tools, a detailed personal interview, a mental health status examination and information regarding the overt behaviours gathered by the surroundings. I want to engage the reader to believe that internet addiction is a real mental health issue, that effects youth all the way to late adolescent, whether it be an addiction though games, gambling, social media etc, there is evidence to say that individuals influenced by this addiction are not progressing in life, because excess use of a cyber world has become a major part of their li ves or taken over their lives. Structure: – Evidence addiction in Video Games (Kuss, Daria J; Griffiths, Mark D. Studies): Main conclusions stemming from this source – Psychological Evidence to Addiction (Griffiths, M Study Gencer, S L Koc, M Study): Main conclusions stemming from this source – Evidence addiction to Social Networking Systems (Kittinger, R., Correia, C J., Irons J G Article): Main conclusions stemming from this source References Bozkurt, H; Coskun, M; Ayaydin, H; Adak, I; Zoroglu, S S (2013). Prevalence and patterns of psychiatric disorders in referred adolescents with Internet addiction. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 67(5), pp. 352-359. De, L., Josepth, A. (2013). Problematic Internet Use and Other Risky Behaviours in College Students: An Applicationof Problem-Behaviour Theory. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 27(1), pp. 133-141. DOI: 10.1037/a0030823. Gencer, S L Koc, M. (2012) Internet abuse among teenagers and Its relations to internet usage patterns and demographics. Journal of Educational Technology Society. 15(2), pp. 25-36. Griffiths, M. (2010). Internet abuse and Internet addiction in the workplace. Journal of Workplace Learning, 22(7), 2010, pp. 463-472. Kittinger, R., Correia, C J., Irons J G (2012) Relationship Between Facebook Use and Problematic Internet Use Among College Student. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. 15(6), pp. 324-327. Kuss, D J; Griffiths, M D., In ternet video game addiction: A systematic review of empirical research in the literature. Revue Adolescence. 30(1), 2012, pp. 17-49.

Life Or Death Essay -- essays research papers

We are all aware of death, and we know it will come to us all. To many of us death brings a chill down our spine ridden with fear, but to others it is ridden with strength and satisfaction of accomplishment. Fortunately or unfortunately we are all condemned to death. However no one knows when exactly the inevitable will approach, but we all know it is inescapable. But what makes death seem more realistic to us and those in denial of it is the lucid pictures of people suffering, in pain and those on their death bed before many of us can be rationale and accept the truth. Someone once said, “Life is about 50-70 years of pain. One is born through the mother’s pain and die leaving others in pain.'; How do we accept and deal with the process of our last days with all the suffering we go through, and the suffering our loved ones share with us? What impact does suffering and death leave behind? Does the love we had experienced decline with our shrunken bodies, does the responsib ilities we challenged take control of us or does our friendships eventually sail in the distance like the compost to become of us; or perhaps all three? Or conceivably we build a stronger love for life, and a stronger legacy for our loved ones to cherish? What pain do they feel? Yet, all in all we need to distinguish what it means to suffer? Is it “to endure death, pain, or distress?'; Or can it be to sustain loss or damage. In this paper I will attempt to show that as human beings we take for granted what “life'; is and seem to forget that death is inevitable. But most importantly how suffering and death have an impact on our daily and routinely concepts of love, friendship and responsibility. What is “Love';? Is the love you feel for your child the same as the love you feel for your spouse? Is the love you feel for the brand new car sitting in the dealership the same as the love one feels for their parent? Love exists in many levels, and can be defined in many ways. The flourishing part about love is that only an individual can define what love is because its something only he or she can feel and distinguish. Love can be expressed in either combination or all of the following: Love towards our faith, love in an exotic nature, love for our children, and lastly love for material things. It does not matter what religion or type of faith o... ...t the sake of the family and always wish never to leave a scar on the family name. Pleasing others and not oneself can also be a liability, because one would feel that they lived life not for their sake but for others; would it then be right to question what the true meaning of life was to you, during your last minutes of life? Personally, I doubt it. We are all born to die. And die is what we shall do inevitably. But what we live behind, our legacy is simply a formation of how we live life for the time we are here on earth. Every one of us should live life to its fullest and to its fullest means that we shall consider accomplishing our duties as parents, family or friends. Our lives may seem like a circus, with so much to juggle, nonetheless we should not forget that life has essentially been a gift. We all make mistakes and this should not be regrettable, rather educational. Living life allows us all to learn and learning is the greatest satisfaction. Suffering, pain and death should not be the only emotions considered during one’s last breath, but also the beginning of change and the strengthening of love, friendship and our responsibility for those you leave behind.

The Effect of Neurotransmission on Human Behavior

1. 2: Using one or more examples, explain effects of neurotransmission on human behavior: Our nervous systems consist of between 10 to 100 billion neurons; each of which making 13 trillion connections with each other through electrochemical messages that allow people to respond to stimuli, from the environment or from internal changes in a person’s body. The neurons send these electrochemical messages through neurotransmission.Electrical impulses traveling down the axon (body) of a neuron, instigates the release of neurotransmitters, which travel over the synapse, which is the gap between two neurons. Once the neurotransmitters cross the synapse, they go into receptor sites on the post-synaptic membrane of a neuron, and after having passed on the message, they are either broken down or reabsorbed by the terminal buttons of the neuron, in a process known as reuptake. Neurotransmission has been shown to affect a large range of human behaviors.Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that effects sleep, arousal levels, and emotion. In a 1999 study at Tokyo University, its effects were seen. Kasamatsu and Hirai conducted this study in order to examine the way that sensory deprivations affects the brain. They studied a group of monks going on a 72-hour pilgrimage without food or water. The monks endured the weather without shelter from the cold, and didn’t speak among themselves. Two thirds of the way through the pilgrimage, the hallucinations began, taking the shape of ancient ancestors, or just a presence at their side.Blood samples, taken immediately after the monks reported their hallucinations, were compared to blood samples taken prior to the pilgrimage, and showed increased serotonin levels. These increased serotonin levels activated the hypothalamus and the frontal cortex, causing the monk’s hallucinations. Kasamatsu and Hirai were able to conclude that sensory deprivation caused increase in serotonin levels, which altered the monks’ perce ption and behavior. Neurotransmitters, like serotonin, can play a large role in human behavior.However, it is considered reductionist to rely solely on them to explain human behavior; they only play a role and can’t be held fully responsible for behavior. Research and increased knowledge of neurotransmission has led to the development of drugs that can either simulate a neurotransmitter in the case of a deficiency, or block a receptor site if there are excessive neurotransmitters. Understanding how neurotransmitters can affect behavior has led to the development of these drugs, which have helped many people.

Research Papers about Gender Identity

Introduction According to William (2006), gender can be defined in terms of social classes (man or woman, boy or girl) or factors associated to living the social duties of man or woman. In addition, they argue that gender identity is the feeling of one belonging to either the category of women or men. On the contrary, he perceives intersexes as lacking gender identity. Additionally, according to He also argued that, there exists a strong relationship between hormones and behavior which consequentially influence the gender identity of an individual. Thesis Gender identity, a process of self-identification in relation to sex, can be based on either the environmental factors or biological factors. Biological factors that may influence gender identity may include hormones and the genetic constitution of an individual while the sociological or environmental factors; the perception and knowledge the society has regarding gender. In addition, the above factors are said to influence the sexual identification and behavior of an individual. The study and discussion below tries to investigate the relationship that exists between the above mentioned factors. The interaction between hormones and behavior   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hormones play a crucial role in the determination of behavior of individuals. This can be proven by use of researches and findings conducted by various scientists. First, according to William (2006), the amount and time of androgen exposure in animals greatly influence  Ã‚   the balance between the male and female reproductive behaviors. In addition, he argued that the direct effect of testosterone on the growing fetus i significant in the male gender identity and male heterosexual orientation. Furthermore, they related this hormonal influence from the gonads to be fundamental in the process of sexual differentiation. In summary, he argued that androgens, male hormones, are responsible for the development of the male or masculine behaviors while estrogen and progesterone basically impact the development of female behavior. Buchanan and his friends (1992) argued that, activation effects in the body are normally associated with increased hormonal concentrations which lower or elevate levels of moods and behavior. For example they proposed that, in nonhuman animals, estrogen is normally associated with reduced levels of excitement while progesterone is associated with higher thresholds. In addition, they proposed that, estrogen hormone stimulates more positive moods, and absence of estrogen propagates depression mainly in women. They additionally felt that, testosterone hormone found in males has the same effects as estrogen in women. Also in their study they found out that, adjustments in the hormone levels to which an individual is accustomed to; produces deviations in behavior. For example they argued that, during pre- and early adolescence, extreme hormonal effects on behavior are exhibited as compared to the later adolescence, or in adulthood. They attributed these effects to the fact that, teenagers at these stages have adapted to higher concentrations of hormones. Buchannan and his colleagues also argued that hormonal activities in the body produced an irregularity in behavior which may result to instability in the nervous functioning, with possible effects on moods and behavior. For example, Dennerstain et al. (1984) found that hormonal characteristics of the menstrual cycle was totally different in women who were experiencing premenstrual syndrome, or PMS, and women not experiencing this effect (cited in Buchannan, 1992). Biological psychology influence on the sexual differentiation and gender identity The biological psychology has been found to having greater influences on sexual differentiation and gender identity. This relationship has been proven by many scientific findings. To begin with, Swaab (2002) in his study, the â€Å"Sexual differentiation of the human brain: Relevance for gender identity, transsexualism and sexual orientation†, found that biological psychology greatly influenced the sexual differentiation and gender identity of an individual. According to the argument of Peggy (2003), science has discovered that males are genetically identified as having one X-chromosome and one Y-chromosome while females are genetically said to be having two X-chromosomes without a Y-chromosome. He additionally argues that the brain plays a significant role in sexual differentiation and gender identity of an individual. This is because, hormonal secretions is said to be greatly influenced by the brain which in the end result to sexual differentiation. According to William (2006) the gender identity of newborns is normally based on sexual difference clearly identifiable by the child’s external genitalia. He also argues on the fact that, the biological difference between male and female all lie in the mammal embryo which is originally sexually bi-potential.   For development of male testes, he generally attributes it to the influence of the testis differentiation gene, SRY, normally located on the Y chromosome. These testicular secretions are responsible for development of male genitalia and brain. Environmental influences on sexual differentiation and gender identity exhibited The environment arguably has a greater impact on the sexual differentiation and gender identity of an individual. According to William, environmental influences refer to the rearing assignments or practices that can be used to identify the gender of an individual. Additionally, Chodorow argues that during the first three years of development; gender identity is irreversibly set by the social situation created by the mother and father.   Due to these, girls tend to be more close to the mothers while boys tend to stick to the fathers which results to the development of the feminine and masculine characteristics as a form of gender identity. He further clarified that femininity is defined basing on the facts of care, tenderness and household chores while masculinity on the principles associated with separation and responsibility (cited in Suzanne and his friends, 1995). These consequently can result to one being sexually differentiated and identifiable as belonging to a certain gender . Conclusion In summary, both the biological and sociological factors have been found to constitute immensely to the sexual differentiation and gender identity exhibited. On the contrary, several psychological scientists have had various opinions on which factors outweigh the other. For example, William (2006) argued that, gender identification basing on the environmental factors which include rearing practices; are much better as compared to biological psychology. Their study which involved evaluation of psychological development of children born with varying intersex conditions; revealed a direct significant connection between gender identity and rearing practices. In addition, John in his book â€Å"Human sexuality and its problems† argues that the biological psychologies vary greatly. He personally opposes sexual differentiation and gender identity basing on genetic makeup and external genitalia because; some people may have genotypes that do not agree with the normal classification of man and woman. For example, women with Turner’s syndrome have one additional or less number of chromosomes on their genotypes which produce different characteristics and behavior as compared to the normal women. Another reason why he opposes gender identification basing on the biological psychology is on the fact that, genitalia are generally differentiated and also individuals may have one or more genital organs. For instance, in the case of hermaphrodites, individuals have both the male and female sex organs, genitalia, which can result to difficulty in sexually differentiating that individual or being able to tell the gender identity of that in dividual. On the contrary, Buchanan and his friends (1992) greatly recommend the use of hormonal methods to sexually differentiate individuals and identify their gender. They argue that hormone levels in the body influenced by the brain are the main regulators of behavior which can be used in determination of gender. For example they argue that testosterone hormone is highly found in males than in females which give them their masculine characteristics like development of beard, breaking of voice, development of muscles and growth of hair in the body. On the other hand, estrogen and progesterone hormones are usually found in high levels in females which also give them their feminine characteristics like breast development, smoothness and the ability to bear children. Therefore, whenever one has any of the above named hormones, he or she is classified accordingly irrespective of the genitalia or genetic makeup.